Physically Consistent Preferential Bayesian Optimization for Food Arrangement

This paper considers the problem of estimating a preferred food arrangement for users from interactive pairwise comparisons using Computer Graphics (CG)-based dish images. As a foodservice industry requirement, we need to utilize domain rules for the geometry of the arrangement (e.g., the food layout of some Japanese dishes is reminiscent of moun- tains). However, those rules are qualitative and ambiguous; the estimated result might be physically inconsistent (e.g., each food physically interferes, and the arrangement becomes infeasible). To cope with this problem, we propose Physically Consistent Preferential Bayesian Optimization (PCPBO) as a method that obtains physically feasible and preferred arrangements that satisfy domain rules. PCPBO employs a bi-level optimization that combines a physical simulation-based optimization and a Preference-based Bayesian Optimization (PbBO). Our exper- imental results demonstrated the effectiveness of PCPBO on simulated and actual human users.