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SIPHON: An Origami Soft Salp Robot

Brian Van Stratum, Nathan Justus, Ross Hatton, Joseph Davidson, Geoffrey Hollinger

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Key figure (auto-extracted from paper)
A simple, 3D-printed soft robot uses passive origami bellows and hydrodynamic valves to achieve efficient, untethered underwater swimming with minimal control complexity.
Soft robotics Origami Salp-inspired locomotion Passive hydrodynamics Pulsed jet propulsion Cost of transport

Problem

Existing pulsed-jet swimmers often rely on complex mechanisms, bidirectional flow, or surface swimming, which limits efficiency and restricts operational depth. There is a need for a simple, power-autonomous design that leverages unidirectional flow for better hydrodynamic performance.

Approach

SIPHON utilizes an interlocking Kresling origami bellows and passive duckbill/heart-inspired valves to intake and expel water unidirectionally with a single degree of freedom. The team derived a coupled Euler-Lagrange dynamic model and validated it against free-swimming pool trials.

Key results

  • Mean swimming speed of 16.5 cm/s (0.59 BL/s)
  • Cost of transport of 4.9 J/m (1.8 W·s/N·m)
  • Experimental validation of a coupled dynamic model
  • Untethered submerged swimming via passive valving

Why it matters

Offers a scalable, low-complexity blueprint for efficient soft robotic swimmers, advancing untethered marine exploration and multi-agent fluid dynamics research.

Abstract

We present SIPHON, a Salp-Inspired robot designed to utilize Passive Hydrodynamics, and equipped with soft robotic Origami bellows and soft Nozzles. We reveal the construction, including a novel use of an interlocking origami Kresling pattern, along with duckbill and mammal-heart-inspired valves. We derive a physical model for the coupled dynamics of body displacement and body contraction. We show experimental results of pool free swimming trials, and we compare these results to the model. Compared to other power-autonomous, bio-inspired pulsed jet swimmers, SIPHON swims with high speed and efficiency, achieving a mean swimming speed of 16.5 cm/s (0.59 Bl/s) and a cost of transport of 4.9 J/m (1.8 W s/(N m)).

Index terms

Biologically-Inspired Robots Soft Robot Materials and Design Soft Robot Applications

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