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Anti-Backlash Mechanisms for Cycloidal Drive Robotic Actuators: Design and Evaluation

Wesley Roozing, Jelmer Volbeda

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Key figure (auto-extracted from paper)
Two novel anti-backlash mechanisms for cycloidal reducers effectively cut backlash by 2-3x with less than a 2x increase in friction, validated through three custom prototypes.
Cycloidal drive anti-backlash quasi-direct drive robotic actuators 3D printing legged robots

Problem

Backlash in high-efficiency cycloidal drives compromises control accuracy in dynamic legged robots, yet few compact, cost-effective anti-backlash solutions exist for these actuators.

Approach

The authors designed and integrated two adjustable anti-backlash mechanisms (a conic disk and a split pinwheel design) into a motor-embedded cycloidal quasi-direct drive actuator, then experimentally evaluated their performance across varying preload levels.

Key results

  • Developed a cost-effective, 3D-printed quasi-direct drive actuator with motor-embedded cycloidal gearing
  • Designed two novel adjustable anti-backlash mechanisms for cycloidal reducers
  • Experimentally demonstrated 2-3x backlash reduction with <2x friction increase across varying preload levels
  • Identified a stiffness trade-off in the split pinwheel design as preload increases

Why it matters

Provides legged robot developers with practical, low-cost actuator designs that improve positional accuracy without severely sacrificing efficiency.

Abstract

We design and experimentally evaluate two anti- backlash mechanisms for cycloidal reducers. The two mech- anisms are integrated into variations of a proposed design of quasi-direct drive actuator. Three prototypes are realised to compare the two mechanisms against the baseline design. We evaluate the effectiveness of the anti-backlash mechanisms under varying preload with measurements of friction, backlash, and stiffness. The results demonstrate that the anti-backlash mechanisms are effective at reducing backlash by approx. 2- 3x, at the expected expense of increased friction (<2x).

Index terms

Actuation and Joint Mechanisms Mechanism Design

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