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Continuous Real-Time Inductive Tracking of Magnetic Microagents for Closed-Loop Control

Tim Grossrieder, Cameron Forbrigger, Myungjin Park, Michael Christiansen, Simone Schuerle

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AI summary

Inductive sensing using the actuation field itself enables continuous, hardware-free 3D tracking and real-time closed-loop control of magnetic microagents.
Magnetic microrobots Inductive sensing Closed-loop control 3D localization Phase lag Medical robotics

Problem

Tracking magnetic microrobots currently relies on complex external imaging or secondary excitation hardware, which interrupts actuation and complicates clinical translation.

Approach

The method cancels the dominant driving magnetic field using compensation coils to isolate the microagent's induced voltage, extracting position and phase lag directly from the actuation signal.

Key results

  • 3D localization of a 3 mm magnetic sphere via signal amplitude mapping
  • Real-time phase lag estimation to quantify applied torque and predict step-out
  • Closed-loop position control of a helical magnetic swimmer against fluid flow
  • Continuous dynamic response tracking across multiple commercial actuation systems

Why it matters

Eliminates the need for secondary imaging hardware, paving the way for simpler, real-time controlled magnetic microrobotic interventions in medicine.

Abstract

Magnetic microrobots are on the rise, with many designs controlled via rotating magnetic fields (RMFs). Realizing their potential in medical treatments requires overcoming the difficulty of tracking them during navigation. We propose an inductive detection method leveraging RMFs simultaneously for sensing and control. By extracting inductive signals from the actuated agents, we achieve magnetic based tracking of position and phase lag without the need for secondary imaging modalities.

Index terms

Micro/Nano Robots Medical Robots and Systems Sensor-based Control

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