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MUJICA: Multi-Skill Unified Joint Integration of Control Architecture for Wheeled-Legged Robots

Yuqi LI, Peng Zhai, Yueqi ZHang, Xiaoyi Wei, Quancheng Qian, Zhengxu He, Qianxiang Yu, Lihua ZHang

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Key figure (auto-extracted from paper)
MUJICA enables wheeled-legged robots to seamlessly switch between diverse locomotion skills using a single proprioceptive policy with hard DC-motor constraints, achieving robust sim-to-real transfer.
Wheeled-legged robots Multi-skill control Proprioceptive RL DC-motor constraints Sim-to-real transfer Skill switching

Problem

Current control frameworks for wheeled-legged robots struggle to unify diverse, high-difficulty skills under strict real-world motor constraints, often relying on manual switching or simplified actuation models that limit safety and performance.

Approach

MUJICA employs a unified, fully proprioceptive reinforcement learning framework that jointly trains multiple locomotion skills in a single policy, incorporates hard velocity- and position-dependent DC-motor constraints for safety, and uses a learned high-level skill selector to automate transitions based on internal state estimates.

Key results

  • Unified blind policy jointly learns omnidirectional locomotion, high platform climbing, and fall recovery
  • Hard DC-motor constraint modeling ensures safe deployment and maximizes motor torque exploitation
  • Proprioception-based skill selector automates adaptive transitions without external perception
  • Validated via extensive simulation and zero-shot real-world experiments on the Unitree Go2-W robot

Why it matters

Provides a safe, adaptive, and unified control framework that unlocks the full mobility potential of wheeled-legged robots for complex real-world tasks like inspection and disaster response.

Abstract

Wheeled-legged robots hold promise for traversing complex terrains and offer superior mobility compared to legged robots. However, wheeled-legged robots must effectively balance both wheeled driving and legged control. Furthermore, due to noisy proprioceptive sensing and real-world motor constraints, realizing robust and adaptive locomotion at peak performance of motors remains challenging. We propose the Multi-skill Unified Joint Integration of Control Architecture (MUJICA), a unified, fully proprioceptive control framework for wheeled-legged robots that integrates diverse low-level skills—including omnidirectional moving, high platform climb- ing, and fall recovery—within a single policy. All skills, dis- tinguished by unique indicator variables, are trained jointly with accurate DC-motor constraint modeling. Additionally, a high-level skill selector is learned to dynamically choose the optimal skill based solely on proprioceptions, enabling adaptive responses to the surrounding environment. Therefore, MUJICA enhances sim-to-real robustness and enables seamless transi- tions across diverse locomotion modes, facilitating autonomous adjustment to the environment. We validate our framework in both simulation and real-world experiments on the Uni- tree Go2-W robot, demonstrating significant improvements in adaptability and task success in unstructured environments.

Index terms

Legged Robots Reinforcement Learning

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