Incentive-Driven Energy Management System for Promoting EV User Cooperation

In this paper, we address the design of an energy management system (EMS) that incorporates a mechanism to promote the cooperation of electric vehicle (EV) users. The proposed EMS incentivizes EV users to cooperate, particularly to remain at home and make their EVs available for discharging power to the grid as reserve capacity. To this end, we model the behavioral change of EV users in response to incentives. Then, we formulate model-based incentive-driven EMS (ID- EMS) design as an optimization problem and derive its analytic solution. Finally, we validate the effectiveness of the ID-EMS through numerical experiments. The experiments leverage real- world data on daily vehicle usage patterns and survey-based insights into user behavioral changes.