Research Analyzer
← Back ICRA 2026

Whole-Body Model-Predictive Control of Legged Robots with MuJoCo

John Zhang, Taylor Howell, zeji yi, Chaoyi Pan, Guanya Shi, Guannan Qu, Tom Erez, Yuval Tassa, Zachary Manchester

PDF

AI summary

Key figure (auto-extracted from paper)
A simple iLQR algorithm using MuJoCo dynamics and finite-difference derivatives achieves real-time, whole-body predictive control that successfully transfers to real-world quadruped and humanoid robots.
Model-predictive control iLQR MuJoCo legged robots sim-to-real whole-body control

Problem

Model-based control for legged robots typically relies on custom, hard-to-reproduce dynamics models and solvers, creating a high barrier to entry and slowing community adoption compared to simulation-based reinforcement learning.

Approach

The authors implement a standard iterative LQR (iLQR) algorithm that leverages the MuJoCo physics engine for forward dynamics and finite-difference approximations for derivatives, paired with an interactive GUI for real-time parameter tuning on hardware.

Key results

  • Real-time whole-body MPC deployment on quadruped and humanoid hardware
  • Successful sim-to-real transfer for dynamic locomotion and bipedal walking
  • Interactive GUI for real-time parameter tuning and behavior visualization
  • ~30% tracking improvement using time-varying LQR feedback

Why it matters

Lowers the barrier to entry for real-world model-based control research, enabling rapid prototyping and broader adoption of whole-body predictive control on legged hardware.

Abstract

We demonstrate the surprising real-world effec- tiveness of a very simple approach to whole-body model- predictive control (MPC) of quadruped and humanoid robots: the iterative linear-quadratic regulator (iLQR) algorithm with MuJoCo dynamics and finite-difference approximated deriva- tives. Building upon the previous success of model-based behav- ior synthesis and control of locomotion and manipulation tasks with MuJoCo in simulation, we show that these policies can easily generalize to the real world with few sim-to-real consid- erations. Our baseline method achieves real-time MPC while leveraging whole-body dynamics and collision detection on a variety of hardware experiments, including dynamic quadruped locomotion, a quadruped walking on two legs, and full-sized humanoid bipedal locomotion. Additionally, our GUI system enables users to interactively update robot behavior in real- time on the robot hardware, making task-specific parameter tuning easy and intuitive. Our code and experiment videos are available online at: https://johnzhang3.github.io/mujoco ilqr.

Index terms

Legged Robots Whole-Body Motion Planning and Control Optimization and Optimal Control

Related papers