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Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Motion Planning and PDE Control for Flexible Manipulators

Amir Hossein Barjini, Seyed Adel Alizadeh Kolagar, Sadeq Yaqubi, Jouni Mattila

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Integrating a Deep Reinforcement Learning motion planner with a nonlinear PDE controller drastically reduces endpoint vibrations and improves tracking accuracy in flexible robotic manipulators.
Flexible robotics Deep reinforcement learning PDE control Motion planning Vibration suppression Soft Actor-Critic

Problem

Flexible robotic manipulators suffer from significant endpoint vibrations during motion, which traditional control methods struggle to suppress while maintaining precise trajectory tracking using only a single base torque.

Approach

A high-level Soft Actor-Critic DRL agent generates optimized trajectories that inherently minimize vibrations, which are then tracked by a low-level nonlinear PDE controller proven to guarantee closed-loop stability via Lyapunov analysis.

Key results

  • Developed a nonlinear PDE controller ensuring exponential stability with a single base torque input
  • Trained a SAC-based DRL planner to generate trajectories that actively suppress endpoint vibrations
  • Validated the framework through simulations and real-world experiments on a hydraulically actuated manipulator
  • Achieved superior vibration suppression and tracking accuracy compared to conventional PID and cubic polynomial methods

Why it matters

This synergistic approach provides a practical, high-precision control strategy for lightweight flexible robots, advancing their reliability in industrial automation and delicate manipulation tasks.

Abstract

This article presents a motion planning and control framework for flexible robotic manipulators, integrating deep re- inforcement learning (DRL) with a nonlinear partial differential equation (PDE) controller. Unlike conventional approaches that focus solely on control, we demonstrate that the desired trajectory significantly influences endpoint vibrations. To address this, a DRL motion planner, trained using the soft actor-critic (SAC) algorithm, generates optimized trajectories that inherently minimize vibra- tions. The PDE nonlinear controller then computes the required torques to track the planned trajectory while ensuring closed-loop stability using Lyapunov analysis. The proposed methodology is validated through both simulations and real-world experiments, demonstrating superior vibration suppression and tracking ac- curacy compared to traditional methods. The results underscore the potential of combining learning-based motion planning with model-based control for enhancing the precision and stability of flexible robotic manipulators. IndexTerms—Flexiblerobotics,integratedplanningandcontrol, motion control, reinforcement learning.

Index terms

Flexible Robotics Motion Control Motion and Path Planning

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